tecsurf, Author at Tecsurf

Everything You Should Know About Quantum Risks to Crypto — and What to Do Today

Oct 24, 2026 | Crypto, Wallet

How quantum computing could affect Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana, why your recovery phrase isn’t the main concern, and the practical steps you can take to protect your wallet.

Updated: October 23, 2026

The quantum threat: should crypto holders be worried?

Imagine someone accessing your cryptocurrency wallet without stealing your password, compromising your hardware wallet, or discovering your recovery phrase.

Instead, they use a sufficiently powerful quantum computer to calculate your private key from information already visible on the blockchain.

That is the scenario cryptographers and blockchain developers are preparing for.

In 1994, mathematician Peter Shor discovered an algorithm that could allow powerful quantum computers to break mathematical problems underlying much of today’s public-key cryptography.

Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana all use cryptographic signature systems that could eventually be vulnerable to this attack.

However, as of October 2026, no publicly demonstrated quantum computer is capable of breaking the cryptography protecting ordinary cryptocurrency wallets at the scale required for real-world theft.

The threat is real, but the transition to quantum-resistant security is already underway.

The question for cryptocurrency holders is therefore straightforward: what can we do today to reduce our exposure without creating unnecessary risks?

1. How could a quantum computer steal cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency wallets rely on three important elements:

Private key: Your secret cryptographic key, which allows you to authorize transactions.
Public key: A mathematically related key that allows others to verify your digital signatures.
Wallet address: The identifier used to receive cryptocurrency. Depending on the blockchain, it may be the public key itself or a hash derived from it.

Traditional computers can easily calculate a public key from a private key, but reversing the calculation is computationally impractical.

Shor’s algorithm changes this mathematical assumption.

A sufficiently powerful quantum computer could potentially calculate a private key from an exposed elliptic-curve public key.

Once the private key is recovered, an attacker could create valid signatures and authorize transactions without the owner’s permission.

Importantly, the attacker would not need the original 12- or 24-word recovery phrase.

This makes the exposure of public keys one of the central concerns in cryptocurrency quantum security.

2. Are Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana equally exposed?

No. One of the most important differences is whether a blockchain reveals the public key before the owner sends a transaction.

Blockchain	Public key visible before spending?
Bitcoin — native SegWit P2WPKH	Generally no
Bitcoin — Taproot P2TR	Yes
Ethereum — standard account	Generally no
Solana — standard wallet	Yes, when the address is known

Bitcoin: your address type matters

Bitcoin supports several address formats.

Conventional native SegWit P2WPKH addresses use a hash of the public key. If these addresses have only received funds and their public keys have not been revealed elsewhere, their public keys remain hidden on-chain.

However, once the funds are spent, the corresponding public keys are revealed.

Taproot addresses work differently because their outputs directly contain elliptic-curve public keys.

Consequently, Taproot offers less protection against a future attacker capable of recovering private keys from exposed public keys.

This does not make Taproot insecure against conventional computers, but it creates a different quantum-exposure profile.

Ethereum: transaction history matters

An ordinary Ethereum wallet address is derived from a hash of the public key.

This means a fresh Ethereum account can receive ETH or tokens without revealing its public key through ordinary on-chain transactions.

However, once that account sends a transaction, the ECDSA signature allows its public key to be recovered.

That makes an account that has already signed transactions more directly exposed to a future quantum attack than an account whose public key has never been disclosed.

Solana: public keys are visible by design

Solana uses Ed25519 cryptography for ordinary wallet accounts.

A conventional Solana wallet address is the public key itself.

Consequently, creating a new wallet doesn’t provide the same public-key-hiding advantage available with certain Bitcoin and Ethereum addresses.

Solana will need quantum-resistant authorization methods to address that risk.

3. Could quantum computers guess your 24-word recovery phrase?

This is a separate issue from recovering an individual private key.

A properly generated 24-word BIP-39 recovery phrase contains 256 bits of randomness.

That corresponds to approximately 2²⁵⁶ possible phrases.

A quantum computer using Grover’s algorithm could theoretically accelerate exhaustive search, reducing the idealized search complexity toward 2¹²⁸ quantum iterations.

That is still an extraordinarily demanding task.

The mathematical rules used to generate recovery phrases are publicly known, but that does not make correctly generated randomness predictable.

There is some mathematical structure in the words, including checksum information. For instance, if someone already knows the first 23 words in the correct order, only eight possible final words satisfy the checksum.

But this does not allow attackers to predict a completely unknown, securely generated phrase.

The more immediate concerns are poor randomness, compromised wallet software, phishing, and insecure backups.

The crucial distinction is that a future quantum attacker might compromise an exposed account’s private key without ever obtaining the 24-word master recovery phrase.

4. What are blockchain developers doing?

The main solution is post-quantum cryptography.

These newer signature systems rely on mathematical problems that are not known to be efficiently solvable by quantum computers.

The US National Institute of Standards and Technology has already standardized several post-quantum cryptographic algorithms.

However, blockchains need to integrate these algorithms into their transaction validation, wallet systems, and broader infrastructure.

Ethereum

Ethereum is researching quantum-resistant transaction authentication, validator signatures, and cryptographic commitments.

Account abstraction may eventually allow compatible wallets to change their authorization methods without requiring users to transfer every asset into a new account.

Ethereum’s published post-quantum development plans include a target around 2029 for quantum-resistant Layer 1 infrastructure. This remains a development objective rather than a guaranteed deployment date.

Solana

Solana’s engineering ecosystem has investigated Falcon and other quantum-resistant signature technologies.

Compact signatures are especially important for Solana because the network is optimized for high-throughput transaction processing.

The challenge is not only supporting new signatures but also migrating existing wallets, token authorities, staking arrangements, and smart-contract-controlled assets.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin developers are investigating proposals such as BIP-360, which aims to reduce certain forms of public-key exposure.

However, fully quantum-resistant Bitcoin spending will require additional cryptographic mechanisms and community agreement on protocol changes.

One particularly difficult problem involves older coins whose owners may no longer be able to authorize a migration.

5. What should cryptocurrency holders do today?

The most useful actions involve improving existing wallet security and reducing unnecessary exposure while waiting for trusted post-quantum upgrades.

Action 1 — Use a reputable hardware wallet and protect your recovery phrase

For meaningful long-term cryptocurrency holdings, a hardware wallet is an important security tool.

Unlike ordinary software wallets, hardware wallets are designed to keep private keys isolated from internet-connected computers.

Transactions are signed inside the device, reducing the risk that malware on your computer can extract your private keys.

One well-known option is Ledger, which offers hardware wallets designed to protect private keys using dedicated security hardware.

Interested in securing your cryptocurrency with a hardware wallet?

Explore Ledger Hardware Wallets

Affiliate disclosure: This article contains a referral link. I may earn a commission if you purchase through it, at no additional cost to you.

Other reputable hardware-wallet manufacturers are also available. The most important considerations are security, supported cryptocurrencies, recovery procedures, and compatibility with your intended use.

Remember that a hardware wallet is not automatically quantum-resistant. It protects your private keys against many conventional attack methods, but signed transactions can still reveal public keys that could theoretically become vulnerable to future quantum computers.

Never share your recovery phrase, and never enter it into an unsolicited website, app, or support form.

Action 2 — Separate active accounts from long-term holding accounts

Here is a useful distinction that many cryptocurrency holders may not realize.

If you’re using a hardware wallet and have already sent transactions from one Ethereum account, you can generally create another account under the same recovery phrase with a different, previously unexposed public key.

Most hardware wallets use hierarchical deterministic key derivation.

This means a single recovery phrase can generate multiple accounts with different private and public keys.

For example, imagine using one Ledger device with one securely generated recovery phrase:

Account 1 — Active trading and DeFi

Used for token swaps, staking, lending, approvals, and regular transactions.

Its public key has already been exposed through signed transactions.

Account 2 — Long-term holding

A fresh Ethereum account created from the same recovery phrase.

It receives ETH and tokens but does not send transactions or sign messages that reveal its public key.

Its public key can remain hidden.

A future quantum attacker recovering Account 1’s private key from its public key would not automatically recover Account 2’s private key or the master recovery phrase.

Standard hardened account derivation helps isolate account branches. Certain non-hardened derivation arrangements have additional risks if extended public keys and child private keys are exposed, so wallet implementation matters.

You generally don’t need a new physical hardware wallet or a new recovery phrase simply to create another Ethereum account with its own unexposed public key.

Nevertheless, accounts sharing the same recovery phrase still share a master secret. Anyone obtaining that phrase may be able to compromise all accounts derived from it.

Important: smart contract interactions count too

Not spending cryptocurrency does not necessarily mean you have avoided exposing your public key.

On Ethereum, many smart contract interactions require signed transactions even when you aren’t directly transferring ETH to another person.

For example:

Approving a token for a decentralized exchange
Swapping tokens on Uniswap
Depositing assets into a lending protocol
Staking through a smart contract
Minting NFTs
Claiming protocol rewards through a signed transaction

These actions can reveal the account’s public key because they require ordinary Ethereum transaction signatures.

Even off-chain signatures, such as authentication messages or token permits, can allow someone with access to the signed message and signature to recover the public key.

By contrast, simply connecting a wallet to a decentralized application or viewing balances and contract data does not normally reveal the public key.

If your goal is to maintain a receiving-only Ethereum account with minimal quantum exposure, avoid using it to sign transactions or messages that disclose its public key.

This doesn’t make the account quantum-proof. It simply reduces exposure until a reliable quantum-resistant authentication mechanism becomes available.

Action 3 — Understand your Bitcoin address type

For long-term Bitcoin storage, determine whether your wallet uses native SegWit P2WPKH, Taproot, or another output type.

Fresh P2WPKH addresses can conceal their public keys until spending.

Avoid address reuse after spending, and use your wallet’s fresh receiving addresses when practical.

Do not assume that every address beginning with bc1q is P2WPKH, since some other SegWit address types share this prefix.

And do not rush into transferring existing Bitcoin solely because you have Taproot outputs. Any transaction introduces its own costs and risks.

Action 4 — Understand the Solana limitation

Creating a new ordinary Solana wallet under the same recovery phrase does not conceal its public key.

For standard Solana accounts, the wallet address itself is the public key.

The longer-term solution is the implementation of quantum-resistant authorization methods.

Avoid experimental products claiming to make Solana quantum-safe without credible independent security assessments.

Action 5 — Keep software and firmware updated

Use official wallet applications and verified firmware.

As the major blockchain networks develop post-quantum functionality, hardware-wallet manufacturers and other infrastructure providers will need to support it.

Keeping devices supported and securely updated will be important for a future migration.

Action 6 — Don’t rush into unnecessary wallet migrations

Moving assets can introduce transaction errors, smart-contract risks, tax considerations, and phishing exposure.

A wallet whose public key is visible is not currently evidence that a quantum attacker can steal its assets.

Separating accounts can be a reasonable long-term security practice, but complex or hurried transfers may create greater immediate risks than they eliminate.

If you decide to reorganize your holdings, verify addresses on the hardware device and make sure your backup and recovery procedures are reliable.

Action 7 — Prepare for future post-quantum upgrades

Keep a private inventory of the blockchains, wallets, hardware devices, and custody services you use.

Identify which holdings are controlled by ordinary wallet keys and which depend on multisig arrangements, staking systems, or smart contracts.

Do not include private keys or recovery phrases in that inventory.

Follow official protocol and wallet-provider announcements regarding post-quantum support.

The objective is to be prepared to migrate when trustworthy upgrades become available.

6. Your crypto security checklist

Use a reputable wallet with securely generated keys.
Store recovery phrases securely and offline.
Consider a hardware wallet for significant long-term holdings.
Separate active Ethereum accounts from receiving-only accounts where useful.
Remember that smart contract transactions can expose Ethereum public keys.
Check your Bitcoin output types and avoid unnecessary address reuse.
Understand that ordinary Solana addresses expose public keys.
Keep wallet software and hardware firmware updated.
Avoid unverified quantum-security products or migration services.
Follow official post-quantum upgrade developments.

7. How easy will migration be?

Migration will depend on each blockchain’s architecture.

Ethereum’s account-abstraction approach could eventually allow compatible accounts to change their authentication mechanism without moving every asset.

Solana will need to introduce quantum-resistant wallet authorization and address how existing accounts and authorities can transition.

Bitcoin will need new spending mechanisms and community agreement on the treatment of older vulnerable outputs.

The most difficult situations may involve dormant accounts, lost private keys, unsupported hardware devices, and smart contracts that cannot easily be upgraded.

The transition will also involve exchanges, custodians, validators, wallet providers, and users.

A successful migration requires broad adoption before sufficiently powerful quantum attacks become practical.

Conclusion: prepare, don’t panic

Quantum computing represents a genuine long-term challenge to cryptocurrency security, but not every wallet has the same exposure.

Bitcoin’s conventional hashed-public-key addresses can keep public keys hidden until spending. Ethereum’s ordinary accounts have a similar property before their first public-key-revealing signature. Solana’s standard addresses expose public keys by design.

A securely generated 24-word recovery phrase remains extraordinarily resistant to known quantum brute-force methods. The greater concern is the future ability to derive individual private keys from exposed elliptic-curve public keys.

For hardware-wallet owners, creating a separate Ethereum account from the same recovery phrase can reduce public-key exposure without requiring a completely new wallet setup.

However, even routine smart contract interactions can reveal a public key if they involve signed transactions.

Today, the sensible response is to secure recovery phrases, use trustworthy wallet implementations, minimize unnecessary key exposure, and stay informed about official post-quantum upgrades.

Protect against today’s attacks, reduce tomorrow’s exposure, and be ready to migrate when proven quantum-resistant solutions are available.

Beyond ChatGPT: Where the Next AI Gold Rush Could Happen

Oct 24, 2026 | AI

Gene editing, quantum computers, energy, and even copper. The next wave of AI could transform industries we rarely associate with artificial intelligence.

When we think about AI, names like Nvidia, Microsoft, and Google immediately come to mind.

But what if some of the biggest beneficiaries of AI over the next three years aren’t traditional technology companies?

What if they’re developing new medicines, building electrical infrastructure, or mining the materials needed to power the digital world?

The next chapter of AI may be less about chatbots and more about transforming the physical world.

Here are six areas worth watching.

1. Biotechnology: Could AI Help Rewrite Human Biology?

Imagine developing medicines faster, designing proteins that don’t exist in nature, or treating genetic diseases by correcting faulty DNA.

That’s the promise of combining AI with biotechnology.

AI can help scientists analyze enormous genetic datasets, predict protein structures, and design more precise gene-editing tools such as CRISPR.

The potential is extraordinary, particularly in drug discovery, personalized medicine, and genetic therapies.

Of course, discovering a promising treatment is different from proving that it works safely in humans. Clinical trials remain expensive and time-consuming.

But the pace of scientific discovery could accelerate significantly.

Companies to watch: Thermo Fisher Scientific and Danaher provide essential research tools, while Roche and AstraZeneca are exploring AI-driven drug discovery.

The interesting opportunity may not be limited to the company that discovers the next breakthrough medicine. It could also extend to those supplying the technologies behind thousands of experiments.

2. Quantum Computing: Can AI Accelerate the Next Computing Revolution?

Quantum computers could eventually help solve complex problems in chemistry, materials science, and physics.

But building them is incredibly difficult.

Their biggest obstacles include maintaining stable quantum states, correcting errors, and scaling the technology.

AI is already helping researchers improve error correction, optimize quantum hardware, and develop better control systems.

Companies such as IBM and Google are investing heavily in this field.

Will quantum computing become mainstream by 2029? Unlikely.

But significant advances could bring us closer to practical applications, particularly in scientific research.

And there’s an intriguing possibility: AI could help build better quantum computers, which could eventually accelerate scientific discoveries themselves.

3. Semiconductors: Beyond the Memory Bottleneck

Everyone knows AI needs powerful chips.

And the shortage of high-bandwidth memory (HBM), essential for feeding data to AI processors, is already a well-established industry challenge.

But the more interesting question is: Where will the next bottleneck appear?

As AI processors become more powerful, manufacturers must connect more computing components, move data faster, and manage increasing power consumption.

Several technologies could become even more important:

Advanced packaging: Connecting multiple processors and memory components efficiently.
Optical interconnects: Using light to move information between computing systems.
Power delivery: Supplying enormous amounts of electricity to increasingly dense computing hardware.
Advanced cooling: Preventing powerful processors from overheating.

Companies such as ASML, TSMC, Broadcom, and Applied Materials operate across critical parts of this ecosystem.

The future semiconductor race may not simply be about building faster chips. It could increasingly depend on how efficiently we connect, power, and cool them.

Beyond traditional data centers, decentralized AI networks like Bittensor are exploring alternative ways to distribute computing power.

4. Electricity: The Unavoidable AI Infrastructure Boom

AI may live in the cloud, but the cloud runs on electricity.

And lots of it.

The International Energy Agency projects that global data-center electricity demand could nearly double between 2025 and 2030.

Building enough computing capacity requires far more than additional power plants.

It also means expanding electrical grids, installing transformers, managing power distribution, and developing sophisticated cooling systems.

This puts traditional industrial companies in an unexpectedly exciting position.

Companies to watch: Eaton, Schneider Electric, GE Vernova, and Vertiv.

Nuclear energy, natural gas, renewables, and battery storage could all play roles in meeting growing demand.

The surprise?

Some of the most important AI infrastructure companies may manufacture equipment that has existed for decades.

The AI revolution might be powered as much by transformers as by transistors.

5. Commodities: Could Copper Become the New AI Metal?

AI’s physical infrastructure creates demand for raw materials.

And not all metals will benefit equally.

Copper stands out because it’s essential for electrical grids, transformers, cables, and industrial equipment.

Silver is another interesting candidate, thanks to its exceptional electrical conductivity and its use in electronics and solar technologies.

Platinum could benefit from specialized applications in data storage and hydrogen technologies, although its relationship with AI is less direct.

Gold remains important in certain electronic components, but its price is driven primarily by investment and monetary demand.

And palladium is still much more closely tied to the automotive industry than to AI.

For the companies supplying these materials, AI could become an additional source of demand alongside electrification and industrial development.

But there’s a catch: growing demand doesn’t automatically mean rising prices. Supply, substitution, and economic cycles still matter.

6. The Wild Card: AI-Discovered Materials

This could be one of the most fascinating developments of all.

Imagine AI helping scientists discover:

Batteries that charge faster and last longer.
New materials that make computer chips more efficient.
Better catalysts for industrial processes.
Improved superconducting materials.
Cooling technologies that dramatically reduce energy consumption.

AI allows researchers to explore enormous combinations of chemical structures and materials, helping identify promising candidates before conducting expensive experiments.

A single breakthrough could have consequences across multiple industries.

Better batteries could transform energy storage. New materials could improve semiconductors. More efficient catalysts could change how chemicals are produced.

This field may not attract as much attention as generative AI, but its long-term potential is enormous.

The Bigger Picture: The Winners May Be Hiding in Plain Sight

There’s a common thread connecting these industries.

Scientific breakthroughs rarely happen in isolation.

A gene-editing company needs research instruments. A chip designer needs manufacturing equipment. A data center needs electricity, cooling, and raw materials.

This creates an interesting possibility:

Some of the biggest beneficiaries of AI may be the companies enabling innovation, rather than the companies making the headlines.

Think ASML in semiconductor equipment, Thermo Fisher in biotechnology, or Eaton and Schneider Electric in electrical infrastructure.

They don’t need to invent the next revolutionary chatbot to participate in AI’s expansion.

Of course, technological importance doesn’t guarantee commercial success. Some breakthroughs will take years, and others may never become economically viable.

But one thing seems increasingly clear.

The first wave of AI transformed how we create and process information.

The next wave could transform how we discover medicines, design materials, build computers, and produce energy.

And perhaps the next big AI winner won’t be a software company at all.

It might be a biotechnology laboratory, an electrical equipment manufacturer—or even a copper mine.

The real AI revolution is only beginning.

While AI is transforming physical industries, another revolution is unfolding around privacy, data ownership, and decentralized AI systems

This article explores emerging technology and industry trends, not investment recommendations. Future scientific and commercial outcomes remain uncertain.

How to Position Yourself for a Potential Base Airdrop (2025 Guide)

Nov 8, 2025 | Airdrop, Exchange

What’s the Base Airdrop and Why It Matters

Base is Coinbase’s Layer 2 blockchain built on the Optimism stack, designed to bring the next billion users on-chain. Because it’s backed by one of the largest crypto exchanges and tightly integrated with the Coinbase ecosystem, the possibility of an official Base airdrop has become one of the most anticipated in the crypto space.

While there’s no confirmed airdrop yet, Base has already hinted at rewarding early adopters, creators, and builders who help grow the network. That means your on-chain activity today could pay off later if Base or related ecosystem projects choose to reward contributors.

👉 New to Base? You can Sign up on Coinbase to bridge easily and earn unique Base ecosystem badges along the way.

🧭 How to Potentially Qualify for the Base Airdrop

1️⃣ Trade on Base

Use Base-native DeFi protocols to show consistent activity.
Start with Av antis Finance — a trading platform built on Base.

Swap, provide liquidity, or use any available trading features.
Interacting with multiple dApps can increase your eligibility if Base tracks ecosystem engagement.

2️⃣ Build on Base

If you’re a developer, deploying even a small contract on Base is a strong signal of contribution.

Use tools like Remix or Thirdweb to deploy a smart contract.
Participate in Base hackathons or open-source projects.
Join the Base Builder community to connect with other developers.

3️⃣ Create on Base (NFTs & Art)

Artists, designers, and NFT collectors can contribute by minting or collecting NFTs built on Base.

Try minting your first NFT through Zora, which supports Base.
Engage with Base-based NFT creators — mint, collect, or list your work.

This kind of creative on-chain activity demonstrates ecosystem growth beyond DeFi.

4️⃣ Claim Your Base Name

Secure your Base identity with a Base Name Service (BNS) domain.

Go to Base Name Service and register your .base name.
Complete any available quests or tasks linked to your name.
These often become criteria in ecosystem reward programs.

Owning a .base name and completing the associated quests can serve as proof of engagement — and may be included in future reward criteria.

From there, you can build your profile and check your score. You can also get verified if you have a Coinbase account.

5️⃣ Join the Base Guild

Join the official Base Guild to access community roles and missions.

Connect your wallet and complete tasks (joining Discord, following Base on X, small on-chain actions, etc.).
Earning guild roles shows consistent engagement with the community.

Guild participation has historically been used to identify early supporters in other ecosystems.

6️⃣ Collect Builder NFTs

Base has released several Builder NFTs that help identify early contributors. Owning these NFTs could set you apart from other users. The tasks to claim them are listed under “Base Programs”, and far fewer people have completed these compared with other onboarding tasks — so they may be especially valuable to pursue. Below is a step-by-step tutorial on how to claim them.

🧱 How to Claim Your Base Builder NFTs (Testnet Tutorial)

🔹 1. Set Up the Base Sepolia Network

Add the Base Sepolia network to your favorite supported wallet.
You can easily add it to metamask through Chainlist.org.

If you prefer, you can also create a Base universal wallet — here’s how:

Go to Base Account.
Click Sign In.
Create an account (you can save your passkey on your phone).
Once created, back it up by visiting keys.coinbase.com/settings and generating a recovery key.
Link both your main wallet and your Base universal account wallet to Guild for seamless progress tracking.

1.Go to Base Account.

2. Click Sign In.

3. Create an account (you can save your passkey on your phone).

4. Once created, back it up by visiting keys.coinbase.com/settings and generating a recovery key.

5. Link both your main wallet and your Base universal account wallet to Guild for seamless progress tracking.

🔹 2. Get ETH on the Testnet

You’ll need a small amount of testnet ETH to deploy your contract.
Visit the Base Faucet page — it offers multiple ways to claim ETH.

If you’re using the Base universal account, your gas fees are often sponsored by Coinbase.

If you have a Coinbase account, you can log in and use their developer faucet.

🔹 3. Locate the Builder Exercises

Head to the Base Learn portal.
Each Builder task corresponds to an “Exercise” section within the learning module.
Find the exercise that matches the task you’re working on — it’s typically under the Exercise tab of that module as seen below.

🔹 4. Write Your Solidity Code

Now, solve the exercise by writing the Solidity contract.
Modern tools like AI can help accelerate your learning curve, but make sure you understand each line.
⚠️ Important: Never deploy test contracts from a wallet that holds real assets — always use a fresh or test wallet.

We will provide you with the code for the “Control Structures” exercise.

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract ControlStructures {

    function fizzBuzz(uint _number) public pure returns (string memory) {
        if (_number % 3 == 0 && _number % 5 == 0) return "FizzBuzz";
        if (_number % 3 == 0)                     return "Fizz";
        if (_number % 5 == 0)                     return "Buzz";
        return "Splat";
    }

    error AfterHours(uint time);            

    function doNotDisturb(uint _time) public pure returns (string memory) {
       
        assert(_time < 2400);             

        if (_time > 2200 || _time < 800) {
            revert AfterHours(_time);
        }

        if (_time >= 1200 && _time <= 1259) {
            revert("At lunch!");
        }

        if (_time >= 800  && _time <= 1199) return "Morning!";
        if (_time >= 1300 && _time <= 1799) return "Afternoon!";
        if (_time >= 1800 && _time <= 2200) return "Evening!";

        return "";
    }
}

🔹 5. Compile Your Code in Remix

Go to Remix IDE.
Under the contracts folder, create a new file — for example, ControlStructures.sol.
Paste your Solidity code, and make sure it compiles without errors.

🔹 6. Deploy to Base Sepolia

Open Remix’s Deploy & Run tab.
Connect your MetaMask or Base universal wallet to Remix.
Select the Base Sepolia network, and deploy your contract.
👉 You can find more deployment guidance on Remix’s Base documentation page.

🔹 7. Find Your Contract Address

Once deployment is complete, scroll down to the Deployed Contracts section.
Copy your contract address — you can then view it directly on BaseScan Sepolia.

🔹 8. Verify and Publish (Optional)

Optionally, you can verify and publish your contract on BaseScan.
Not all exercises require verification, but doing so helps confirm your work publicly on-chain.

🔹 9. Submit and Claim Your Builder NFT

Go back to the corresponding Exercise page on Base Learn.
Scroll to the bottom, connect your Base wallet, and submit your contract address.
Once validated, your Builder NFT will be automatically minted to your wallet.

🔹 10. Keep Building and Level Up

Repeat the same process for all exercises to collect more Builder NFTs.
When you complete a full set, claim your Builder role on Base Guild.
Each completed mission strengthens your on-chain presence — and could make a difference if Base ever rewards early contributors.

🧩 Final Thoughts

There’s no guaranteed Base airdrop — but early users, builders, and creators are always the most likely to be rewarded in any growing blockchain ecosystem.

By trading, building, creating, and joining Base’s community today, you’ll position yourself for any future rewards from Base or its ecosystem partners.

Start today:
👉 Sign up on Coinbase
👉 Explore Base Ecosystem

Revolutionizing Crypto Trading: Inside avo.so – The AI Agent Marketplace on Solana

Oct 5, 2025 | AI

In the wild, 24/7 arena of cryptocurrency trading — where markets never sleep and emotions often lead to costly mistakes — a new player is quietly reshaping how people invest.

Enter avo.so, a Solana-based platform that blends artificial intelligence with decentralized finance (DeFi) to create a marketplace for autonomous trading agents.

No more staring at charts or second-guessing trades — Avo lets you deploy smart AI “agents” that trade on your behalf, mimicking top performers or executing custom strategies.

As of September 2025, with $AVO’s token surging 155% in the past week, the project is riding the wave of AI-meets-DeFi hype.
But is it the future of passive investing — or just another flash in the pan? Let’s dive in.

What Is Avo.so? A Quick Origin Story

Launched on Solana — the speed demon of blockchains — Avo emerged as a response to crypto’s core pain point: complexity.
Founded by a team of lifelong builders (CEO @0xpaperhead reportedly started coding at age 9), the platform positions itself as “intelligent systems for user-driven crypto investing.”

Think of it as Robinhood meets ChatGPT, but fully on-chain.

Its fair launch in early 2025 was a masterstroke — no massive team allocations, zero VC dumps, just community-first distribution

This ethos led to rapid adoption, Bitget partnerships, and endorsements from creators like @pasternak.
Today, Avo’s Discord is buzzing with traders sharing PnL screenshots, while its Telegram mini-app makes onboarding as easy as sliding into a chat.

At its heart, Avo isn’t another “bot farm” — it’s a marketplace for AI trading agents, customizable digital sidekicks that handle everything from sniping meme coins to managing diversified portfolios.

With $AVO’s market cap around $15M and 24-hour trading volume exceeding $2M, the blend of AI + Solana = serious momentum.

How Avo.so Actually Works

1️⃣ Connect

Link your Solana wallet (Phantom, Sollet, Backpack) to Avo’s dashboard or Telegram mini-app.

2️⃣ Discover Agents

Browse the marketplace to find wallets, indexes, or AI-driven agents built by top researchers and traders.
Filters help you match your risk appetite — from “Degen” to “Guarded.”

3️⃣ Launch

Click “Use Agent.”
Avo instantly deploys your chosen agent, which then trades in real time on your behalf.

4️⃣ Manage & Withdraw

Monitor your portfolio, adjust allocations, or withdraw anytime — no lock-ups, full user control.

Protections: Avo integrates liquidity filters to avoid rug pulls and low-liquidity tokens, letting users choose between:

🔥 Degen (minimal protection)
⚖️ Moderate (balanced)
🛡️ Guarded (maximum safety)

Feature	How It Works	User Benefit
Agent Marketplace	Browse/deploy AI agents in-app	Democratizes pro trading for retail users
Copy Trading	Mirror top-performing wallets	Passive income without manual effort
Custom Logic	No-code rule builder + oracle data	Tailor your risk and strategy easily
$AVO Token Utility	Fees, staking, agent rewards	Aligns incentives for long-term holders
Scalability	Solana-optimized infrastructure	Low fees + sub-second execution

Want to List Your Own Agent?

It’s not just for users — developers, traders, and researchers can list their own agents on the marketplace. To do so, creators currently submit a form to the team for vetting and onboarding.
This hybrid approach ensures quality control and risk management, preventing spam or malicious bots from flooding the market.

As Avo’s ecosystem matures, expect this to evolve into a fully on-chain listing system — complete with reputation scores, performance stats, and tokenized revenue sharing.

The $AVO Token: Fueling the Avocado Engine

$AVO isn’t just another meme coin.
With a 1B total supply and fair launch, it’s deflationary by design — trading fees are burned while high-performing agents receive token rewards.

Current price: ~$0.024, up 73% in 24h
Perks: discounted fees, staking benefits, and airdrop priority
Holders: rapidly growing, with whale accumulation trends visible on-chain

$AVO powers the ecosystem:
deploy agents, customize their logic, earn from followers, or stake for governance.

Competitors: Avo vs. the Trading Bot Pack

Platform	Focus	Strengths	Weaknesses	Why Avo Wins
Banana Gun	Telegram sniper bots	Lightning-fast memecoin snipes	High fees, no AI logic	Avo’s AI agents can manage portfolios, not just pumps
Trojan	Copy trading	Simple UX	Limited customization	Avo offers marketplace + oracles for precision
eToro / ZuluTrade	Centralized copy trading	Fiat access, big user base	Custodial, opaque	Avo is DeFi-native and transparent
3Commas / Pionex	Algo grids & signals	Advanced tooling	Expensive subs, clunky UI	Avo is mobile-first, free, and community-driven

Unlike most “bots,” Avo’s agents evolve — they learn, adapt, and can be shared or monetized.
It’s less about chasing pumps, more about building sustainable, automated portfolios.

Why Avo Could Be the Next Big Thing

The AI x DeFi narrative is exploding — and Avo sits right at the intersection.
Just as Fetch.ai and SingularityNET built billion-dollar agent networks, Avo is doing the same for crypto trading.

🟢 Bull Case:

Adoption Rocket: 300K+ Telegram users projected by EOY 2025 (via Bitget partnership).
Tokenomics Upside: At $0.024, $AVO’s FDV is just ~$24M — tiny compared to AI peers.
Macro Tailwinds: Solana’s TVL racing past $10B and rising retail appetite for automation.
Community Fire: Viral X presence, performance screenshots, and grassroots marketing.

🔴 Risks:

Solana congestion, agent logic bugs, and AI misfires could all impact outcomes.
But with non-custodial design and no VC overhang, the downside feels limited.

As usual, there’s always smart contract risks.

🥑 Final Thoughts

Avo isn’t just another AI buzzword play — it’s a genuine attempt to democratize algorithmic trading for the masses.

With V2 coming (custom wallets, enhanced oracles, more agent autonomy), $AVO could be one of Solana’s breakout projects of 2025.

DYOR, NFA — but if you’re tired of manual trading, maybe it’s time to deploy an agent and let the avocados do the work.

Sources: Grok, ChatGPT, CoinGecko, Leap Wallet, Reddit/SolanaSniperBots, X posts from @avodotso & community.

Orderly One — The No‑Code Perp Builder

Sep 30, 2025 | Dex, Exchange

TL;DR

Orderly ONE is a no-code platform that lets DAOs, creators, funds, and communities launch branded perpetual DEXs in minutes. It pairs Orderly Network’s institutional-grade, omnichain liquidity layer (shared CLOB) with an AI-driven customization flow so builders can keep fee revenue and control UX without writing code.

Quick comparison: Orderly ONE vs Aster vs Hyperliquid (HIP‑3)

Orderly ONE — No‑code, white‑label perp DEX launcher built on Orderly’s omnichain, shared central limit order book (CLOB). Boots‑rapped liquidity from professional market makers; free to launch, $1,000 broker code to enable fee capture (discounted in native $ORDER). Low‑latency, self‑custody UX.
Aster — User‑facing perp DEX product offering deep pooled liquidity and advanced trade tools (hidden orders, cross‑chain UX). Primarily an end‑user DEX rather than an infra product for white‑label builders.
Hyperliquid (HIP‑3) — Protocol feature to let builders permissionlessly deploy their own perp DEXs on HyperCore. Deployers must stake a large HYPE bond and will run isolated, deployer‑managed markets with validator slashing protections.

What differentiates Orderly ONE (liquidity infrastructure)

Shared orderbooks (CLOB) aggregate liquidity from institutional market makers, professional traders, and retail — reducing slippage for large trades.
Omnichain routing & aggregator (supports many EVM & non‑EVM chains) to let a single builder offer markets across multiple chains.
CeFi‑grade execution (sub‑200ms latency claims) while keeping on‑chain settlement and self‑custody.
AI customization removes dev friction: brandable UI, fee config, and instant deployment.

Benefits of Orderly ONE vs Hyperliquid HIP‑3 and Aster

Vs Hyperliquid HIP‑3

Lower friction to launch: no huge native token stake or onchain auctions to participate in — Orderly’s monetization is $1k broker code (or token discount) vs Hyperliquid’s 500k HYPE staking requirement.
Shared liquidity: Orderly pools liquidity across builders (reduces fragmentation) rather than creating fully isolated orderbooks per deployer.
Bootstrapped market makers & operations: Orderly supplies routing and liquidity primitives; HIP‑3 leaves much of market ops and risk settings to the deployer (and validators can slash).

Vs Aster

White‑label focus: Orderly is infrastructure-first — it enables other brands to run DEXs under their own name and capture fee revenue.
Monetization for communities: Orderly advertises the ability for communities to keep 100% of trading fees and fully configure fee tiers.
Plug‑and‑play for builders: Aster is a product DEX you can list on; Orderly is the tool to create many DEXs quickly.

Pricing & revenue split

Orderly ONE: Launching a DEX is free; to receive a broker code (needed to earn fee revenue) you pay $1,000 or use $ORDER for a 25% discount. Builders can set their own fee schedule and capture the revenue (Orderly markets the “capture 100% of trading fees” value prop). In addition, staking $ORDER unlocks further trading fee reductions for end users and may increase the share of rebates builders receive. This creates an incentive loop where communities benefit both from lower user costs and higher builder revenue retention.
Hyperliquid HIP‑3: Deployers must maintain a 500,000 HYPE stake; the deployer may set a fee share of up to 50% (fee share is configurable in the protocol docs). There are also Dutch auction mechanics for additional asset listings.
Aster: Public docs emphasize deep pooled liquidity and product features; revenue split/partner payout details are product‑specific (not a white‑label revenue model like Orderly ONE).

Launch a Perp DEX in Minutes with Orderly ONE

Here are the basic steps:

Visit orderly dex builder page and Sign up with your wallet:

Choose your dex name and choose your theme colors, you can even use AI to describe your theme and it will be generated:

You can then configure your socials, walletconnect, privy and SEO.

Then you can choose which blockchains you want to include in your perp and navigation menu. You can then proceed to create your perp.

To start earning revenue, you need to graduate your dex and pay the fees. You can also use your custom domain name:

The steps are easy to follow and you can change any configuration later on. You can find more documentation here.

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